Комплекс Имама Бухари: великий духовный столп

IMAM BUKHARI COMPLEX –

A GREAT SPIRITUAL PILLAR

Odil Zaripov, Scientific Secretary at the Institute of History, Academy of Sciences, PhD in Historical Sciences Imam Bukhari. Abu Abdulloh Muhammad ibn Ismail Bukhari was born on July 20, 810, in the city of Bukhara. His father, Ismail, was also a scholar of Hadith and studied under prominent scholars like Imam Malik and Hammad ibn Zaid. From a young age, Imam Bukhari was distinguished by his extraordinary memory and intellectual ability. At the age of 10, he began to take Hadith lessons from the famous scholar Dokhili in Turan, and by the age of 11, he had already corrected some of his teacher’s mistakes during lessons. Young Muhammad quickly gained fame for memorizing tens of thousands of Hadiths. When a scholar in Bukhara described him as “a young man who knows 70,000 hadiths”, he responded, “I know even more Hadiths than that”. rivojidagi o‘rni haqida tasavvurlarni boyitishga xizmat qilishi kutilmoqda. Islom sivilizatsiyasi markazini yaratishdan bosh g‘oyasini uning asoschisi Shavkat Mirziyoyev shunday ifodalab bergan: “Islom sivilizatsiyasi, islom ta’limotining zamini – aslida ilm-fan, madaniyat, ta’lim va tarbiyadir. Biz barpo etayotgan markazning bosh g‘oyasi, asosi ham shu. Eng muhim tomoni – yurtimizdagi islom madaniyati bilan bog‘liq bir necha ming yillik qadimiy o‘tmish bir joyda – mana shu majmuada mujassam bo‘ladi. Markaz bilan tanishgan odam ana shu tarixni yaqqol ko‘rib, islom dini, bu avvalo, tinchlik, taraqqiyot va bag‘rikenglik dini ekanini, o‘zbek xalqining dunyo tamadduniga qo‘shgan buyuk hissasini anglaydi”. Xullas, “ming marta eshitgandan bir marta ko‘rgan afzal” o‘zbek xalq maqoliga amal qilib, O‘zbekistondagi Islom sivilizatsiyasi markaziga kelish hamda 21-yuzyillikning eng muhim kashfiyotidan bahramand bo‘lish lozim! and electronic publications, is expected to enrich understanding of Uzbekistan’s role in the development of Islamic civilization. The main idea behind establishing the Center for Islamic Civilization was expressed by its founder, Shavkat Mirziyoyev: “Islamic civilization, the foundation of Islamic teachings – is fundamentally science, culture, education, and upbringing. The core of the center we are establishing is based on this. Most importantly, it will embody in one place the ancient, several-thousand-year- old history related to Islamic culture in our country. Visitors who familiarize themselves with the center will clearly see this history and understand that Islam, first of all, is a religion of peace, progress, and tolerance, and they will grasp the great contribution of the Uzbek people to world civilization.” In short, following the Uzbek proverb “It is better to see once than hear a thousand times”, it is essential to visit the Center for Islamic Civilization in Uzbekistan and enjoy the most important discoveries of the 21st century! Uning to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri shogirdlari orasidan keyinchalik mashhur muhaddis olimlar yetishib chiqqanlar. Masalan, Imom Muslim ibn Hajjoj Nishopuriy (“Sahihi Muslim” muallifi) Imom Buxoriyning eng e’tiborli shogirdlaridan bo‘lib, ustozi sha’nini har doim ulug‘lab yurgan. Shuningdek, Imom Termiziy, Imom Nasoiy kabi mashhur muhaddislar ham Imom Buxoriydan ilm olganlar. Aynan Imom Buxoriy asos solgan yondashuv tufayli Turon hududida 9 – 12-yuzyilliklarda ko‘plab hadisshunoslik maktablari shakllanib, samarali faoliyat yuritdi, islom olami hadisshunosligi poydevori bo‘lib kelmoqda. Asarlari va ilmiy merosi. Uning eng mashhur va eng buyuk asari “Al-Jome as- sahih” (islom dunyosida “Sahihi Buxoriy” nomi bilan tanilgan) bo‘lib, bu to‘plamga takrorlari bilan qariyb 7275 hadis jamlangan, takrorlanmas hadislarning soni esa 4000 atrofidadir. “Sahihi Buxoriy” oltita eng mo‘tabar hadis to‘plamining (Kutubus-sitta) birinchisi o‘laroq e’tirof etiladi. “Sahih”dan tashqari Imom Buxoriy qalamiga mansub bir qator boshqa asarlar ham ma’lum. Masalan, “Al-adab al-mufrad” (Odob durdonalari) – odob-axloq va tarbiya haqidagi hadislarni jamlagan kitob; “At-tarix al-kabir” (Katta tarix) – Payg‘ambar alayhissalom sahobalari va hadis roviylarining tarjimai hollarini o‘z ichiga olgan asar. Shuningdek, “At-tarix as- sag‘ir” (Kichik tarix), “At-tarix al-avsat” (O‘rta tarix), “Kitob al-kunya” (Kunyalar kitobi), “Xalq af’olil-ibad” (Bandalar ishlarining yaratilganligi) kabi asarlari ham bor. Ushbu asarlarda Imom Buxoriy tarix, nasabnoma va ilmiy tanqid sohalarida ham benazir bilim va tahlil mahoratini ko‘rsatgan. Yodgorligi. Umrining so‘nggi yillarida Buxorodan Samarqandga ko‘chib, uning yaqinidagi Hartang qishlog‘ida yashab qolgan Imom Buxoriy 870-yili 1-sentyabr kuni o‘ladi va shu qishloqda ko‘milgan. Uning qabri tez orada ziyoratgohga aylanadi. 16-yuzyillikda bu yerda shayboniy xonlari tomonidan kichik maqbara va masjid barpo etilgan. Rossiya imperiyasining Turkistondagi hukmronligi davri, ayniqsa, sovet bosqichida ushbu muqaddas makon qarovsiz qoldirilgan. Diniy qadriyatlar toptalgan yillar davomida Imom Buxoriy qabri ustidagi eski Many of his direct students later became renowned Hadith scholars. For example, Imam Muslim ibn Hajji Nishapuri, author of «Sahih-i Muslim» was one of Imam Bukhari’s most notable students and he highly esteemed his teacher. Other famous scholars such as Imam Tirmizi and Imam Nasa’i also studied with Imam Bukhari. Thanks to the methodology established by Imam Bukhari, several Hadith schools emerged in the Turan region during the 9th to 12th centuries, which played a significant role in the development of Islamic Hadith scholarship and remain foundational in the Islamic world. His works and scholarly legacy. His most famous and greatest work is “Al-Jame al- Sahih“, commonly known worldwide as “Sahih Bukhari,” which contains nearly 7,275 Hadiths, including approximately 4,000 non- repetitive Hadiths. “Sahih Bukhari” is recognized as the first of the six most authentic Hadith collections (Kutub al-Sitta). Besides “Sahih”, Imam Bukhari authored several other works, such as “Al-Adab al-Mufrad” (The Book of Etiquettes), which compiles Hadiths on manners and morals; “Al-Tarikh al-Kabir” (The Major History), which contains biographical sketches of the Prophet’s companions and Hadith narrators; “Al-Tarikh as-Saghir” (The Small History), “Al-Tarikh al-Awsat” (The Middle History), “Kitab al-Kunya” (The Book of Names), and “Khalq Af’al al-Ibad” (The Creation of Servants’ Actions). In these works, Imam Bukhari demonstrated unparalleled knowledge and analytical skills in history, genealogy, and scientific critique. His Legacy. In his later years, Imam Bukhari moved from Bukhara to nearby Khartang village in Samarqand. He passed away there on September 1, 870, and was buried in the same village. His tomb quickly became a site of pilgrimage. In the 16th century, a small mausoleum and mosque were built at this site by a Shaybanid rulers. During the period of the Russian Empire’s rule over Turkestan, especially during Soviet times, the sacred site was neglected. During the years when religious values were suppressed, the old mausoleum and mosque above Imam Bukhari’s grave fell into disrepair, some buildings were repurposed as Imom Buxoriy 826-yili onasi va akasi bilan Makkaga haj ziyoratiga boradi. Haj amallarini ado etgach, hadis ilmini to‘liq egallash maqsadida Imom Buxoriy o‘zi Makka va Madinada qolib, ilmiy izlanishlarini davom ettiradi. Shu tariqa, u hadis yig‘ish va ulug‘ ustozlardan saboq olish yo‘lida safarlarga otlanadi. Makka, Madina, Yamandan tortib Iroq, Shom, Misrning yirik shaharlariga borib, 1080 dan ortiq ustozdan hadis eshitadi va ilm oladi. Imom Buxoriy hali hayotlik chog‘idayoq ilm olamida yuksak obro‘ qozongan edi. Bag‘dodda hadis ilmidan dars berganida, minglab talabalar undan saboq olish uchun to‘planib, ulkan majlislar qilgan. Hattoki Imom Ahmad ibn Hanbal kabi mavqeli imom ham Imom Buxoriyni Bag‘dodda qolib dars berishga undagan edi. Ammo u yurtiga qaytishni afzal ko‘rib, umrining oxirigacha vatanida ilm tarqatishni davom ettirdi. In 826, Imam Bukhari traveled to Mecca with his mother and brother for Hajj. After completing the pilgrimage, he stayed in Mecca and Medina to deepen his knowledge of Hadith, continuing his scholarly pursuits. In this way, he traveled to gather Hadith and learn from great teachers. He visited major cities from Mecca, Medina, and Yemen to Iraq, Sham, and Egypt, listening to and studying from over 1,080 teachers. Even during his lifetime, Imam Bukhari had gained high respect in the scholarly world. When he was teaching Hadith in Baghdad, thousands of students gathered to learn from him in large gatherings. Even Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, a prominent scholar, had urged Imam Bukhari to stay in Baghdad for teaching. However, Imam Bukhari preferred to return to his homeland and continued to disseminate knowledge there until the end of his life. warehouses, and at one point, they were on the brink of demolition. After Uzbekistan gained independence, on October 23, 1998, in honor of the 1225th anniversary of Imam Bukhari, a new complex was opened in Samarkand. Reconstruction of the Imam Bukhari complex in New Uzbekistan. Under the initiative of the President of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, a new ambitious project was developed in 2019 to expand the complex and create all necessary facilities for pilgrims. The complex, covering a total area of 5.3 hectares, features a new mausoleum building that stands at 600 square meters with a height of 28 meters, and four corner towers, each 75 meters tall. Additionally, the complex includes a vast congregational mosque capable of accommodating 10,000 worshippers at once, a museum, a library, administrative buildings, hotels, and venues for trade and everyday services. The height of the mosque building is 15 meters, with its dome reaching 47 meters. The mosque’s dimensions are 60 meters by 60 meters, and it also has a basement. Famous Hadiths narrated by Imam Bukhari are inscribed on the arches and walls of the portal and the porch. It is surrounded by wide avenues and gardens. During the construction of the complex, specialists from Uzbekistan, as well as Türkiye, Greece, China, Russia, India, and the United Arab Emirates, participated. The interior and exterior views of the buildings are decorated in accordance with traditional Uzbek national arts and crafts, using various stylistic schools active in our country, which has turned the site into a unique gem of world architecture. President Shavkat Mirziyoyev has explained the main purpose of creating the Imam Bukhari complex very clearly: ”To further elevate the prestige of our ancestor Imam Bukhari and widely promote him to the world, and to achieve this complex as a great spiritual pillar”. There is, of course, no need to add anything to these words. maqbara va masjid e’tiborsizlanib, ayrim binolar omborxona sifatida ishlatilgan, hatto buzilish darajasiga yetgan edi. O‘zbekiston mustaqillikka erishgach, 1998-yil 23-oktyabr kuni Imom Buxoriyning 1225 yilligi munosabati bilan Samarqandda Imom Buxoriy yodgorlik majmuasining yangi bunyod etilgan inshooti ochiladi. Yangi O‘zbekistonda Imom Buxoriy majmuasining qayta qurilishi. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti Shavkat Mirziyoyevning tashabbusi bilan 2019- yili Imom Buxoriy majmuasini yanada kengaytirish va ziyoratchilar uchun barcha sharoitlar yaratib berishni maqsad qilgan butunlay yangi loyiha yaratiladi. Umumiy maydoni 5.3 gektarni tashkil etgan majmua markazida qad ko‘targan yangi maqbara binosi 600 kvadrat metr va balandligi 28 metr bo‘lib, to‘rtta burchagida 75 metrlik minora qad rostlagan. Shuningdek, majmua tarkibida bir vaqtning o‘zida 10 000 namozxon sig‘adigan ulkan jome masjidi, muzey, kutubxona, ma’muriyat binolari, mehmonxonalar, savdo va maishiy xizmat maskanlari qurilgan. Masjid binosining balandligi – 15 metr, gumbazining balandligi 47 – metr. Masjid kengligining o‘lchami – 60 m x 60 metr, yerto‘lasi ham bor. Uning peshtoq va ayvon devorlariga Imom Buxoriy asaridan mashhur hadislar yozilgan. Atrofi bo‘ylab keng xiyobon va bog‘lar bilan o‘ralgan. Majmua qurilishida o‘zbekistonliklardan tashqari Turkiya, Yunoniston, Xitoy, Rossiya, Hindiston, Birlashgan Arab Amirliklaridan ham mutaxassislar qatnashdilar. Binolar ichki va tashqi ko‘rinishlari o‘zbek milliy amaliy san’ati an’analariga ko‘ra, yurtimizda bu borada faoliyat ko‘rsatayotgan turli maktablar uslublarida bezatilgani va sayqallangani majmua inshootini jahon me’morchiligining o‘ziga xos durdonasiga aylantirgan. Prezident Shavkat Mirziyoyev Imom Buxoriy majmuasini yaratishdan asl maqsadni juda aniq tushuntirgan, deb o‘ylaymiz: “Imom Buxoriy bobomizning qadr-qimmatini yanada ko‘tarish va dunyoga keng targ‘ib etish, ushbu majmuani buyuk ma’naviy ustun bo‘lishiga erishish”. Ushbu so‘zlarga nimadir qo‘shish ortiqcha, albatta.