Ахалтекинские лошади

AKHAL-TEKE HORSES

Khojanazarova Ogultach is a Candidate of Philological Sciences and serves as the Deputy Head of the Department of Intangible Cultural Heritage at the Ministry of Culture of Turkmenistan Nobatova Guljan works in the Department of Intangible Cultural Heritage at the Ministry of Culture of Turkmenistan Akhal-Teke horses are not only a symbol of the Turkmen people’s national identity but also a vital part of the cultural heritage of the Turkic world, attesting to the Turks’ role in shaping a civilization linked to the steppes, movement, speed, and inner strength. The Akhal-Teke horse is among the oldest domesticated breeds worldwide, Halkymyz aty maşgalanyň agzasy hökmünde terbiýeläpdir. Atlary el bilen iýmitlendiripdirler, ýuwupdyrlar, darapdyrlar we nätanyş adamlara ynanmandyrlar. Ahalteke aty seýrek fiziki häsiýetleriň utgaşmasy: näzikligi, süňkleriniň ýeňilligi, gury myşsalary, uzyn aýaklary, egri boýny, buýsançly durşy we metal häsiýetli ýalpyldawuk örtükli derisi bilen tapawutlanýar. Bu atlary, ýagtylygy metal ýaly şöhlelendirýän ýalpyldawuk endamy sebäpli köplenç «altyn öwüşginli» diýip atlandyrypdyrlar. Altyn, goňur, gara we çal ýaly dürli öwüşginlere eýe bolmagy bu tohumyň tapawutly aýratynlygydyr. Bular atlaryň diňe bir gözelligini aňlatmak bilen çäklenmän, eýsem tohum atlaryň asyrlar boýy çölleriň we dag etekleriniň howa şertlerine uýgunlaşmagyna hem hyzmat edipdir. Atlar yssy howa şertlerine çydamly, uzak ýoldan soň güýjüni çalt dikeldýärler we ony tygşytly sarp etmegi başarýarlar. Hakyky ahalteke atynyň aşa ösen üşükliligi-duýgurlygy bar, ol diňe bir çapyksuwaryna düşünmek bilen çäklenmän, eýsem onuň pikir-niýetini syzmaga hem ukyplydyr. Inçe duýgurlyk we eýesine berk baglylyk, bu tohum atyň söweşde we sport türgenleşiginde gymmatyny has-da artdyrýar. Beýle atlar söweşijini şöhlelendirýär we türkmenler köplenç özüne laýyk häsiýetli aty saýlapdyrlar. Türkmenleriň ahalteke atlaryna bolan söýgüsi halk döredijilik eserlerinde çuňňur beýan edilýär, olara bagyşlanyp ençeme nakyllar we aýtgylar döredilipdir. Türkmenlerde: “Aty hormatlaýan adam abadançylykda ýaşar” – diýen düşünje bar. Ahalteke atlarynyň ajaýyp häsiýetleri, eýesi bilen bolan ysnyşykly we ynsançylykly gatnaşygy, atyň wepaly ýoldaş we dost hökmündäki keşbi türkmen nusgawy poeziýasynda hem öz beýanyny tapdy. Magtymguly, Magrupy, Seýdi, Mätaji ýaly şahyrlarymyz olara bagyşlap ençeme ajaýyp şygyrlary döretdiler. Ahalteke bedewleri tohumyň sport mümkinçiliklerini bütin dünýäde görkezip, halkara ýaryşlaryna we görkeziş çykyşlaryna işjeň gatnaşýarlar. 1992-nji ýyldan bäri Türkmenistanda ahalteke tohumyny goramak we ösdürmek boýunça döwlet maksatnamasy kabul edildi. Aşgabatda the Akhal velayat. The teke tribe residing here has bred horses and trained them for racing and military purposes for centuries. Over time, the breed developed unique traits, combining speed and endurance, enabling survival in harsh desert conditions. The formation of the breed occurred in a semi-nomadic way of life. Turkmens selected the best stallions and mares for breeding, meticulously engaged in breeding work. The horse was raised as a family member – fed by hand, washed, and combed – and was not entrusted to outsiders for care. The Akhal-Teke horse is characterized by a rare combination of physical attributes: a slender build, lightness, muscularity, long legs, a curved neck, proud posture, and a distinctive metallic sheen of its coat. These horses are frequently called “golden” because of their shimmering coat, a hallmark trait of the breed, though they come in various colors such as golden, chestnut, gray, and black. Beyond their aesthetic appeal, Akhal- Teke horses are highly adapted to the tough climate of deserts and foothills, where the breed has been shaped over centuries. They easily tolerate heat, conserve their energy efficiently, and recover rapidly after long marches. An authentic Akhal-Teke possesses an exceptionally developed intellect, capable not only of understanding but also of anticipating the rider’s intentions. Their delicate sensitivity and loyalty to a single master made the breed especially valuable in combat and athletic training. The horse became a symbol of the warrior spirit, with Turkmens selecting animals that reflected their own temperament. The Turkmens’ admiration for Akhal-Teke horses is celebrated in folk epics, songs, proverbs, and sayings – one well-known proverb states: “The one who honors the horse lives in prosperity.” The extraordinary qualities of the Akhal-Teke and their deep emotional bond with their owners are echoed in Turkmen poetry, where the image of a faithful companion and friend appears in the works of Makhtumkuli, Magrupi, Sadi, and Myataji. Akhal-Teke horses actively participate in international competitions and exhibitions, showcasing the breed’s athletic prowess çydamlylygyny görkezmek üçin 1935-nji ýylda türkmen atlylary Aşgabatdan Moskwa çenli (takmynan 3000 km) ahalteke bedewlerinde epiki sapar etdiler. 1945-nji ýylda Moskwada geçirilen ýeňiş paradyna ýolbaşçylyk eden marşal G. Žukow güýç, gözellik we asyllylygy alamatlandyrýan ak ahalteke bedewine mündi. Häzirkizaman ahalteke atlarynyň ady, Türkmenistanyň merkezinde ýerleşýän Ahal sebitinde (welaýatynda) gadymy döwürlerden bäri ýaryş we harby maksatlar üçin tohum at ösdürip ýetişdirýän teke taýpasynyň ady bilen baglanyşyklydyr. Asyrlaryň dowamynda bu tohum at çölüň agyr şertlerinde ýaşamaga mümkinçilik berýän tizligi, çydamlylygy we durnuklylygy özünde birleşdirip, özboluşly aýratynlyklaryny ösdürdi. Tohum atyň emele gelmegi ýarym çarwa durmuş şertlerinde bolup geçipdir. Seçgi üçin türkmen taýpalary iň gowy bedewleri we baýtallary saýlapdyrlar we tohumçylyk işlerini alyp barypdyrlar. used “Nisian” (Parthian) horses, known for their remarkable endurance during military campaigns. Modern historians, researchers, and zoologists agree that these descriptions refer to the ancestors of the Akhal-Teke breed. During the era of the Great Silk Road, Turkmen horses were highly sought after in China, Persia, and the Arab world. In China, they were called “heavenly horses” because of their grace and endurance. The Turkmens utilized Akhal-Teke horses for military, diplomatic, cultural, and entertainment purposes. To showcase the breed’s endurance, in 1935, Turkmen equestrians undertook an epic ride from Ashgabat to Moscow (approximately 3,000 km). In 1945, Marshal G. Zhukov rode a white Akhal-Teke stallion during the Victory Day parade in Moscow, symbolizing strength, beauty, and nobility. In Turkmenistan, breeding centers for Akhal-Teke horses are primarily located in with nature. Thanks to its outstanding natural qualities and the dedicated efforts of breeders, the Akhal-Teke horse has held a special place in Turkmen culture since ancient times. The image of the Akhal-Teke is featured in national symbols: a golden horse, which is a cultural treasure, appears on the country’s coat of arms, symbolizing strength, devotion, and beauty. Preserving the breed’s purity and cultural significance, the Akhal-Teke continues its journey into the 21st century, representing Turkmen contributions to the global cultural heritage. Serving as the emblem of national celebrations and international cultural events, the Akhal-Teke continues to inspire new generations of modern Turkmen youth. gatnaşyklaryň ähmiýetini hem nygtaýar. Ajaýyp tebigy häsiýetleri we milli seçgiçileriň zehini netijesinde ahalteke aty gadymy döwürlerden bäri we şu güne çenli türkmen halkynyň däp bolan medeniýetinde aýratyn orny eýelemegini dowam etdirýär. Ahalteke atynyň şekili, Türkmenistanyň milli gymmatlygy hökmünde döwlet nyşanlarynda öz beýanyny tapýar: ýurduň gerbindäki altyn bedew döwletiň güýç, wepalylyk we gözellik nyşanydyr. Tohumyň arassalygyny we medeni ähmiýetini saklamak bilen, ahalteke bedewleri türki dünýäsiniň medeni mirasynyň ajaýyp nusgasy bolup geldi. Milli baýramçylyklaryň we halkara medeni çäreleriň bezegi bolan ahalteke bedewleri häzirki zaman türkmen ýaşlarynyň ähli täze nesillerini ruhlandyrmagy dowam etdirýär. ýerleşýän Halkara ahalteke atçylyk assosiasiýasy iri möçberli forumlary geçirýär, dünýäniň dürli künjeklerinden tohumçylary we atşynaslary birleşdirýär. Ýurdumyzda tohum atlary ösdürip ýetişdirmek boýunça halkara toplumlar işleýär, ýaryşlar we sergiler guralýar, nesil kitaplary ýöredilýär. Her ýyl aprel aýynyň soňky ýekşenbesinde ýurdumyzda ahalteke bedewiniň güni – sergileri, konferensiýalary we ýaryşlary özünde jemleýän döwlet baýramçylygy bellenilýär. Ýaşlar tohum atyň döreýiş taryhy bilen tanyşýarlar, çapyksuwarlygyň esaslaryny öwrenýärler we atşynaslardan, seýislerden atlar we olaryň türgenleşigi barada düşünje alýarlar. Döwlet tarapyndan her ýyl giňden bellenilýän Türkmenistanyň Garaşsyzlyk güni ahalteke bedewleriniň çapyşyklary bilen utgaşýar, olaryň netijeleri boýunça ýeňijä, türkmen çapyksuwarlaryna hormat goýmagyň nyşany bolan Türkmenistanyň Prezidentiniň göçme Kubogy gowşurylýar. Milli atçylyk sportuny we atçylyk oýunlaryny ösdürmek üçin 2007-nji ýylda «Galkynyş» milli at üstündäki oýunlar toparynyň döredilmegi möhüm ähmiýete eýedir. Ahalteke bedewleriniň bu topary sirk sungatynyň halkara festiwallaryna yzygiderli gatnaşýar we baýrakly orunlary eýeläp gelýär. 2025-nji ýylyň ýanwar aýynda Monako Knyazlygynyň Monte Karlo şäherinde geçirilen 47-nji halkara sirk festiwalynda «Galkynyş» milli at üstündäki oýunlar toparynyň ýeňiji bolmagy dünýä atçylyk medeniýetinde mynasyp orny eýeleýän ahalteke bedewlerini ýene bir gezek şöhratlandyrdy. «Atçylyk we atly sport hakynda» Türkmenistanyň Kanunynyň kabul edilmegi, «Türkmenistanyň at gazanan atşynasy», «Türkmenistanyň ussat çapyksuwary» ýaly hormatly atlaryň döredilmegi hem döwletde atçylyk sungatynyň barha artýan ähmiýetine we bu ugurda iş alyp barýan adamlar hakyndaky alada şaýatlyk edýär. 2023-nji ýylda “Ahalteke atçylyk sungaty we atlary bezemek däpleri” atly resminama UNESCO-nyň Adamzadyň maddy däl medeni mirasynyň görnükli nusgalarynyň sanawyna goşuldy, bu bolsa tohumyň diňe genetika nukdaýnazaryndan däl, eýsem, oňa degişli bilimleriň, çapyksuwarlyk däp- dessurlarynyň we tebigat bilen özara worldwide. Since 1992, Turkmenistan has implemented a national program to protect and develop the Akhal-Teke breed. The International Association of Akhal- Teke Horse Breeding, based in Ashgabat, organizes large-scale forums, brings together breeders and researchers from around the globe, oversees international breeding complexes, and maintains pedigree books. Each year, on the last Sunday of April, Turkmenistan celebrates Akhal-Teke Horse Day – a public holiday featuring parades, exhibitions, conferences, and competitions. During this celebration, young people learn about the breed’s history, practice riding, and gain knowledge from elders about horse care and training. Turkmenistan’s Independence Day, celebrated annually across the country, also includes Akhal-Teke horse races, with the winner receiving the portable Cup of the President of Turkmenistan – a symbol of respect for Turkmen riders. Established in 2007 at the Akhal-Teke Equestrian Complex of the President of Turkmenistan, the «Galkynysh» national equestrian team plays a vital role in advancing the country’s equestrian sports and competitions. This team of Akhal-Teke riders regularly competes in international circus festivals and wins awards. In January 2025, the «Galkynysh» Group of National Equestrian Games triumphed at the 47th International Circus Festival in Monte Carlo, Monaco, further honoring the Akhal-Teke people and highlighting their significant place in global equestrian culture. The enactment of the Law «On Equestrian Sports of Turkmenistan», along with the conferral of honorary titles such as «Honored Horse Breeder of Turkmenistan» and «Master Rider of Turkmenistan», reflects the growing importance of equestrian arts within the country and the dedication of those involved in this field. In 2023, the UNESCO Representative List added the nomination «Art of Akhal-Teke Horse Breeding and Traditions of Horse Decoration», underscoring the breed’s value not only from a genetic perspective but also in relation to traditional rituals, knowledge, horsemanship practices, and its interaction

TÜRKMENIŇ AK ÖÝI

Hojanazarowa Ogultäç filologiýa ylymlarynyň kandidaty, Türkmenistanyň Medeniýet ministrliginiň Maddy däl medeni miras müdirliginiň başlygynyň orunbasary. Nobatowa Güljan Türkmenistanyň Medeniýet ministrliginiň Maddy däl medeni miras müdirliginiň hünärmeni Türki halklary ak öý bilen baglanyşykly binagärlik hem-de senetçilik üstünlikleri arkaly dünýä medeniýetine uly goşant goşdylar. Çarwa durmuş ýörelgesine uýgunlaşdyrylan göçme öý konsepsiýasy Merkezi Aziýanyň beýleki sebitlerinde ýaşaýyş jaýlarynyň şuňa meňzeş görnüşleriniň ösmegine uly täsir edipdir. Geçmişde esasy käri çarwa maldarçylygy bolan halklaryň (gazaklaryň, gyrgyzlaryň, garagalpaklaryň, türkmenleriň, nogaýlaryň, başgyrlaryň, altaýlylaryň) dillerinde ak öýüň adynyň meňzeşligi bu sözüň gelip çykyşynyň belli bir